Bioethics in Health Policy Development: A Primer for Decision-Makers

نویسندگان

  • Jason Behrmann
  • Charles Marsan
چکیده

Résumé Abstract Le plus souvent reconnu comme un associé de la médecine et des organismes de règlementation de la recherche biomédicale, le domaine de la bioéthique a récemment élargi sa compétence académique pour inclure un rôle croissant dans les processus de décision dans des contextes de politiques de santé. Grâce à cette expansion, les professionnels de la santé et les administrateurs sont de plus en plus informés de l'utilité et de la nécessité d'intégrer les considérations éthiques dans l'élaboration des politiques. Cependant, beaucoup de ces professionnels ont du mal à définir le lien entre l'éthique et les processus décisionnels ainsi que le rôle (s’ils en ont un) des bioéthiciens dans la structuration des politiques de santé. Écrit pour un public multidisciplinaire, cet article vise à aider et à clarifier ces concepts en fournissant un aperçu aisément tangible de l'analyse éthique dans les politiques de santé. La discussion va d’abord définir les questions éthiques communes en matière de politiques de santé. Elle va ensuite clarifier la manière dont les cadres, structurés à partir de principes éthiques, peuvent guider l'élaboration de politiques et aider les professionnels de la santé à développer des compétences de prise de décision. La discussion se conclut en décrivant le rôle du bioéthicien dans ce processus comme étant un professionnel permettant la traduction des connaissances entre l'éthique appliquée et les contextes de prise de décisions en matière de santé. À la suite de la lecture de cet article, on espère que les professionnels de la santé, indépendamment de leur origine professionnelle, acquerront une meilleure compréhension des questions éthiques dans l'élaboration des politiques de santé et, ainsi, les bioéthiciens cesseront d'être considérés comme d’étranges associés parmi les décideurs. Most commonly recognised as a close bedfellow of medicine and regulators of biomedical research, the field of bioethics has recently expanded its academic jurisdiction to include a growing role in decision-making processes within health policy contexts. From this expansion, health professionals and administrators are increasingly knowledgeable of the utility and necessity to incorporate ethical considerations in policy development. However, many of these professionals have difficulty defining the link between ethics and decision-making processes, and what role – if any – bioethicists play in the structuring of health policies. Written for a multidisciplinary audience, this article aims to help clarify these concepts by providing a readily tangible overview of ethical analysis in health policy. The discussion will define common ethical issues in health policy and how frameworks structured upon principles of ethics can guide policy development and aid the decision-making capacities of health professionals. The discussion concludes by describing the role of the bioethicist in this process as a professional that serves to translate knowledge between applied ethics and decision-making contexts in health. Upon reading this article, it is expected that health professionals, regardless of occupational background, will gain a better understanding of ethical issues in health policy development, and as such, the bioethicist will hopefully cease to be viewed as an odd bedfellow amongst policy-makers.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013